176 lines
4.6 KiB
JavaScript
176 lines
4.6 KiB
JavaScript
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/**
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* 快速排序算法实现
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* 时间复杂度: 平均 O(n log n), 最坏 O(n²)
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* 空间复杂度: O(log n)
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*/
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/**
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* 快速排序主函数
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* @param {Array} arr - 要排序的数组
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* @returns {Array} - 排序后的数组
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*/
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function quickSort(arr) {
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// 如果数组长度小于等于1,直接返回
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if (arr.length <= 1) {
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return arr;
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}
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// 选择基准值(这里选择最后一个元素)
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const pivot = arr[arr.length - 1];
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const left = [];
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const right = [];
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// 将数组分成两部分
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for (let i = 0; i < arr.length - 1; i++) {
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if (arr[i] <= pivot) {
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left.push(arr[i]);
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} else {
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right.push(arr[i]);
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}
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}
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// 递归排序左右两部分,并合并结果
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return [...quickSort(left), pivot, ...quickSort(right)];
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}
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/**
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* 原地快速排序(优化版本,节省空间)
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* @param {Array} arr - 要排序的数组
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* @param {number} low - 起始索引
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* @param {number} high - 结束索引
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*/
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function quickSortInPlace(arr, low = 0, high = arr.length - 1) {
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if (low < high) {
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const pivotIndex = partition(arr, low, high);
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quickSortInPlace(arr, low, pivotIndex - 1);
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quickSortInPlace(arr, pivotIndex + 1, high);
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}
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return arr;
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}
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/**
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* 分区函数
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* @param {Array} arr - 数组
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* @param {number} low - 起始索引
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* @param {number} high - 结束索引
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* @returns {number} - 基准值的最终位置
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*/
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function partition(arr, low, high) {
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// 选择最后一个元素作为基准值
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const pivot = arr[high];
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let i = low - 1; // 小于基准值的元素的最后位置
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for (let j = low; j < high; j++) {
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// 如果当前元素小于等于基准值
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if (arr[j] <= pivot) {
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i++;
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// 交换元素
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[arr[i], arr[j]] = [arr[j], arr[i]];
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}
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}
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// 将基准值放到正确的位置
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[arr[i + 1], arr[high]] = [arr[high], arr[i + 1]];
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return i + 1;
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}
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/**
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* 三路快速排序(处理重复元素较多的数组)
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* @param {Array} arr - 要排序的数组
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* @param {number} low - 起始索引
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* @param {number} high - 结束索引
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*/
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function quickSortThreeWay(arr, low = 0, high = arr.length - 1) {
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if (low < high) {
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const [lt, gt] = partitionThreeWay(arr, low, high);
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quickSortThreeWay(arr, low, lt - 1);
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quickSortThreeWay(arr, gt + 1, high);
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}
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return arr;
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}
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/**
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* 三路分区函数
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* @param {Array} arr - 数组
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* @param {number} low - 起始索引
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* @param {number} high - 结束索引
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* @returns {Array} - [lt, gt] 小于和大于基准值的边界
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*/
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function partitionThreeWay(arr, low, high) {
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const pivot = arr[low];
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let lt = low; // 小于基准值的右边界
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let gt = high; // 大于基准值的左边界
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let i = low + 1; // 当前扫描位置
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while (i <= gt) {
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if (arr[i] < pivot) {
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[arr[lt], arr[i]] = [arr[i], arr[lt]];
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lt++;
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i++;
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} else if (arr[i] > pivot) {
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[arr[gt], arr[i]] = [arr[i], arr[gt]];
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gt--;
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} else {
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i++;
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}
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}
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return [lt, gt];
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}
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// 测试函数
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function testQuickSort() {
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console.log("=== 快速排序算法测试 ===");
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// 测试数据
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const testCases = [
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[64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90],
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[5, 2, 4, 6, 1, 3],
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[1],
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[],
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[3, 3, 3, 3, 3],
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[9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1],
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[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
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];
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testCases.forEach((testCase, index) => {
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console.log(`\n测试用例 ${index + 1}:`);
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console.log(`原始数组: [${testCase}]`);
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// 测试标准快速排序
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const sorted1 = quickSort([...testCase]);
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console.log(`标准快排: [${sorted1}]`);
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// 测试原地快速排序
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const arr2 = [...testCase];
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quickSortInPlace(arr2);
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console.log(`原地快排: [${arr2}]`);
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// 测试三路快速排序
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const arr3 = [...testCase];
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quickSortThreeWay(arr3);
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console.log(`三路快排: [${arr3}]`);
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});
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}
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// 导出函数供其他模块使用
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if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
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module.exports = {
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quickSort,
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quickSortInPlace,
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quickSortThreeWay,
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partition,
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partitionThreeWay
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};
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}
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// 如果直接在浏览器中运行,执行测试
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if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
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// 将函数添加到全局作用域
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window.quickSort = quickSort;
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window.quickSortInPlace = quickSortInPlace;
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window.quickSortThreeWay = quickSortThreeWay;
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// 自动运行测试
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testQuickSort();
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}
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